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³·Ãã Ç¥Çö: ÈÀÚ(Speaker)³·Ãã /
ûÀÚ(Listener)³·Ãã / ´ë»ó(Object)³·Ãã |
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ûÀÚ(Listener)
¿¹»ç || ³·Ãã: |
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-> |
1*3ÀÎĪ
³ôÀÓ(Àú
-> ³ª,
ÀúÈñ
-> ¿ì¸®)
+ 2ÀÎĪ ³·Ãã(´ç½Å/±×´ë ->
³Ê/³ÊÈñ)
+ »ó´ë ³·Ãã ¾î¹Ì '~´Ù' |
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³ôÀÓ°ú
³·Ãã¿£ »ó´ë¼ºÀÌ ÀÖ´Ù. ´Ù½Ã¸»ÇØ, ÈÀÚ(Spk)¸¦
³·Ã߸é ûÀÚ(L)¸¦ ³ôÀδÙ. //
vice versa |
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cf) |
1*3ÀÎĪ
³·Ãã(³ª
-> Àú,
¿ì¸®
-> ÀúÈñ)
+ 2ÀÎĪ ³ôÀÓ(³Ê/³ÊÈñ
-> ´ç½Å/±×´ë)
+ »ó´ë ³ôÀÓ ¾î¹Ì '~´Ï´Ù' |
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¨ç |
ÇöÀç
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¿¹Á¦1) |
* |
¾î°£ ³¡ÀÇ ¸»¿¡ ¹ÞħÀÌ
¾ø´Â ÇöÀç½ÃÁ¦ÀÇ °æ¿ì: ÁÁ¾ÆÇÏ |
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³»°¡/³ª´Â
³Ê¸¦ ÁÁ¾ÆÇÏ´Ù. |
I like you.
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descriptive |
general S
/ lower L |
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³ª´Â/³»°¡
³Ê¸¦ ÁÁ¾ÆÇÑ´Ù. |
I like
you. |
cognize |
general S
/ lower L |
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Àú°¡/´Â ³Ê¸¦
ÁÁ¾ÆÇÏ´Ù. (?) |
I like
you. |
descriptive |
lower S
/ lower L |
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Àú´Â/°¡ ³Ê¸¦
ÁÁ¾ÆÇÑ´Ù. (?) |
I like
you. |
cognize |
lower S
/ lower L |
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Àú´Â/°¡
´ç½ÅÀ»/±×´ë¸¦ ÁÁ¾ÆÇÏ´Ï´Ù. |
I like you. |
descriptive |
lower S & honorific L |
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Àú´Â/°¡
´ç½ÅÀ»/±×´ë¸¦ ÁÁ¾ÆÇÕ´Ï´Ù. |
I like you. |
publish |
lower S & honorific L |
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¿¹Á¦2) |
* |
¾î°£ ³¡ÀÇ ¸»¿¡ ¹ÞħÀÌ
ÀÖ´Â ÇöÀç½ÃÁ¦ÀÇ °æ¿ì: µ½
= µµ¿ì =>
~¤²
= ~¿ì |
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³»°¡/³ª´Â
³ÊÈñµéÀ» µ½´Ù/µµ¿ì´Ù. |
I help you. |
descriptive |
general S
/ lower L |
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³ª´Â/³»°¡
³ÊÈñµéÀ» µ½´Â´Ù/µµ¿î´Ù. |
I help
you. |
cognize |
general S
/ lower L |
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Àú°¡/´Â ³ÊÈñµéÀ»
µ½´Ù/µµ¿ì´Ù. (?) |
I
help you. |
descriptive |
lower S
/ lower L |
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Àú´Â/°¡ ³ÊÈñµéÀ»
µ½´Â´Ù/µµ¿î´Ù. (?) |
I help
you. |
cognize |
lower S
/ lower L |
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Àú´Â/°¡
´ç½ÅµéÀ»/±×´ë¸¦
µ½´Ï´Ù. |
I help you. |
descriptive |
lower S & honorific L |
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Àú´Â/°¡
´ç½ÅµéÀ»/±×´ë¸¦
µµ¿ó´Ï´Ù. |
I help you. |
publish |
lower S & honorific L |
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¨è |
°ú°Å:
°ú°ÅÇü ¹ÞħÀÇ 'Bottom Flex', Áï '¾Ò/¾ú' ¶Ç´Â ÁÙÀÓÀÎ '~¤¶' »ç¿ëÀÌ
ÀÖ´Ù. |
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¿¹Á¦1) |
* |
¾î°£ ³¡ÀÇ ¸»¿¡ ¹ÞħÀÌ
¾ø´Â °ú°Å½ÃÁ¦ÀÇ °æ¿ì: ÁÁ¾ÆÇϾÒ
= ÁÁ¾ÆÇß |
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³»°¡/³ª´Â
³Ê¸¦ ÁÁ¾ÆÇϾҴÙ. |
I
liked you. |
inform |
general
S
/ lower L |
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³ª´Â/³»°¡
³Ê¸¦ ÁÁ¾ÆÇß´Ù. |
I liked
you. |
inform |
general S
/ lower L |
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Àú°¡/´Â ³Ê¸¦
ÁÁ¾ÆÇϾҴÙ. (?) |
I liked
you. |
inform |
lower S
/ lower L |
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Àú´Â/°¡ ³Ê¸¦
ÁÁ¾ÆÇß´Ù. (?) |
I liked
you. |
inform |
lower S
/ lower L |
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Àú´Â/°¡
´ç½ÅÀ»/±×´ë¸¦ ÁÁ¾ÆÇß´Ï´Ù. |
I liked you. |
inform |
lower S & honorific L |
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Àú´Â/°¡
´ç½ÅÀ»/±×´ë¸¦ ÁÁ¾ÆÇßÀ¾´Ï´Ù. |
I liked you. |
publish |
lower S & honorific
L |
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¿¹Á¦2) |
* |
¾î°£ ³¡ÀÇ ¸»¿¡ ¹ÞħÀÌ
ÀÖ´Â °ú°Å½ÃÁ¦ÀÇ °æ¿ì: µ½¾Ò
= µµ¿ì¾ú/µµ¿ü
=>
~¤²
= ~¿ì |
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³»°¡/³ª´Â
³ÊÈñµéÀ» µ½¾Ò´Ù/µµ¿ì¾ú´Ù. |
I
helped you. |
inform |
general
S
/ lower L |
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³ª´Â/³»°¡
³ÊÈñµéÀ» µ½¾Ò´Ù/µµ¿ü´Ù. |
I helped
you. |
inform |
general S
/ lower L |
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Àú°¡/´Â ³ÊÈñµéÀ»
µ½¾Ò´Ù/µµ¿ì¾ú´Ù. (?) |
I
helped you. |
inform |
lower
S
/ lower L |
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Àú´Â/°¡ ³ÊÈñµéÀ»
µ½¾Ò´Ù/µµ¿ü´Ù. (?) |
I helped
you. |
inform |
lower S
/ lower L |
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Àú´Â/°¡
´ç½ÅµéÀ»/±×´ë¸¦ µ½¾Ò´Ï´Ù. |
I helped you. |
inform |
lower S & honorificL |
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Àú´Â/°¡
´ç½ÅµéÀ»/±×´ë¸¦
µµ¿üÀ¾´Ï´Ù. |
I helped you. |
publish |
lower S & honorific L |
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¢À |
ÇѱÛ
¹®ÀåÀº µè´ÂÀÌ¿¡ µû¶ó ³·Ãã/¿¹»ç/³ôÀÓ µîÀÇ Ç¥ÇöÀ» »ç¿ëÇÑ´Ù. |
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¢º |
En |
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Now try to write your
own poem. You don't always have to follow the rules. You can use words
and sentences that you like. And you can choose any subject. Just write
down whatever comes to your mind. Then read it over, and change some parts
to make it better. When you're happy with your poem, show it to your friends.
If they can understand what you are trying to say, that will be the poem. |
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¢º |
To Jnr. |
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ÀÚ ÀÌÁ¦ ³ÊÈñ ÀÚ½ÅÀÇ ½Ã¸¦ º¸µµ·Ï
ÇØ. Ç×»ó ±ÔÄ¢À» ÁؼöÇØ¾ß ÇÏ´Â °ÍÀº ¾Æ´Ï¾ß. ³ÊÈñ°¡ ÁÁ¾ÆÇÏ´Â ´Ü¾î¿Í ¹®ÀåÀ» »ç¿ëÇØ. ±×¸®°í ¾î¶² ÁÖÁ¦¸¦ ¼±ÅÃÇØµµ µÅ. ±×Àú
³ÊÈñ ¸¶À½ ¼Ó¿¡ ´Ù°¡¿À´Â °ÍÀ» Àû¾î. ±×·± ´ÙÀ½ ¹Ýº¹Çؼ Àаí, ±×¸®°í ¸î ºÎºÐÀ» ´õ ÁÁÀº °ÍÀ¸·Î °íÃÄ. ³ÊÈñÀÇ ±ÛÀÌ ¸¶À½¿¡
µé¸é, ÁÖÀ§ Ä£±¸µé¿¡°Ô º¸¿©Áà. ±×µéÀÌ ³ÊÈñ°¡ ¸»ÇϰíÀÚ ÇÏ´Â °ÍÀ» ÀÌÇØÇÒ ¼ö ÀÖ´Ù¸é, ±×°Ô ¹Ù·Î ½Ã°¡ µÉ °Å¾ß. |
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¢º |
General |
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ÀÚ ÀÌÁ¦
¿©·¯ºÐ ÀÚ½ÅÀÇ ½Ã¸¦ º¸µµ·Ï
Ç϶ó. Ç×»ó ±ÔÄ¢À» ÁؼöÇØ¾ß ÇÏ´Â °ÍÀº ¾Æ´Ï¾ß. ¿©·¯ºÐÀÌ ÁÁ¾ÆÇÏ´Â ´Ü¾î¿Í ¹®ÀåÀ» »ç¿ëÇØ. ±×¸®°í ¾î¶² ÁÖÁ¦¸¦ ¼±ÅÃÇØµµ µÅ. ±×Àú
¿©·¯ºÐ ¸¶À½ ¼Ó¿¡ ´Ù°¡¿À´Â °ÍÀ» Àû¾î. ±×·± ´ÙÀ½ ¹Ýº¹Çؼ Àаí, ±×¸®°í ¸î ºÎºÐÀ» ´õ ÁÁÀº °ÍÀ¸·Î °íÃĶó. ¿©·¯ºÐÀÇ ±ÛÀÌ ¸¶À½¿¡
µé¸é, ÁÖÀ§ Ä£±¸µé¿¡°Ô º¸¿©Áà. ±×µéÀÌ ±×´ë°¡ ¸»ÇϰíÀÚ ÇÏ´Â °ÍÀ» ÀÌÇØÇÒ ¼ö ÀÖ´Ù¸é, ±×°Ô ¹Ù·Î ½Ã°¡ µÉ °Å¾ß. |
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¢º |
Euphemistic |
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ÀÚ ÀÌÁ¦
±×´ë ÀÚ½ÅÀÇ ½Ã¸¦ º¸µµ·Ï
ÇϰÔ. Ç×»ó ±ÔÄ¢À» ÁؼöÇØ¾ß ÇÏ´Â °ÍÀº ¾Æ´Ï³×. ±×´ë°¡ ÁÁ¾ÆÇÏ´Â ´Ü¾î¿Í ¹®ÀåÀ» »ç¿ëÇϰÔ. ±×¸®°í ¾î¶² ÁÖÁ¦¸¦ ¼±ÅÃÇØµµ µÇ³×.
±×Àú ±×´ë ¸¶À½ ¼Ó¿¡ ´Ù°¡¿À´Â °ÍÀ» Àû°Ô³ª.
±×·± ´ÙÀ½ ¹Ýº¹Çؼ Àаí, ±×¸®°í ¸î ºÎºÐÀ» ´õ ÁÁÀº °ÍÀ¸·Î °íÄ¡°Ô. ±×´ëÀÇ ±ÛÀÌ ¸¶À½¿¡ µé¸é, ÁÖÀ§ Ä£±¸µé¿¡°Ô º¸¿©ÁÖ°Ô. ±×µéÀÌ
±×´ë°¡ ¸»ÇϰíÀÚ ÇÏ´Â °ÍÀ» ÀÌÇØÇÒ ¼ö ÀÖ´Ù¸é, ±×°Ô ¹Ù·Î ½Ã°¡ µÉ°Å³×. |
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¢º |
Honorific
- Formality |
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1) Formal/Official |
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Honorific - official |
ÀÚ ÀÌÁ¦
¿©·¯ºÐ ÀÚ½ÅÀÇ ½Ã¸¦ º¸µµ·Ï
ÇϽÿÀ. Ç×»ó ±ÔÄ¢À» ÁؼöÇØ¾ß ÇÏ´Â °ÍÀº ¾Æ´Ï´Ï´Ù. ¿©·¯ºÐÀÌ ÁÁ¾ÆÇÏ´Â ´Ü¾î¿Í ¹®ÀåÀ» »ç¿ëÇϽÿÀ. ±×¸®°í ¾î¶² ÁÖÁ¦¸¦ ¼±ÅÃÇØµµ
µÇ´Ï´Ù. ±×Àú ¿©·¯ºÐ ¸¶À½ ¼Ó¿¡ ´Ù°¡¿À´Â °ÍÀ» ÀûÀ¸½Ã¿À. ±×·± ´ÙÀ½ ¹Ýº¹Çؼ Àаí, ±×¸®°í ¸î ºÎºÐÀ» ´õ ÁÁÀº °ÍÀ¸·Î °íÄ¡½Ã¿À.
¿©·¯ºÐÀÇ ±ÛÀÌ ¸¶À½¿¡ µé¸é, ÁÖÀ§ Ä£±¸µé¿¡°Ô º¸¿©ÁֽÿÀ. ±×µéÀÌ ±×´ë°¡ ¸»ÇϰíÀÚ ÇÏ´Â °ÍÀ» ÀÌÇØÇÒ ¼ö ÀÖ´Ù¸é, ±×°ÍÀÌ ¹Ù·Î ½Ã°¡
µÉ °ÍÀÌ´Ï´Ù. |
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2)
Informal |
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Honorific - public |
ÀÚ ÀÌÁ¦
¿©·¯ºÐ ÀÚ½ÅÀÇ ½Ã¸¦ º¸µµ·Ï
Çϼ¼¿ä. Ç×»ó ±ÔÄ¢À» ÁؼöÇØ¾ß ÇÏ´Â °ÍÀº ¾Æ´Ï¿¹¿ä. ¿©·¯ºÐÀÌ ÁÁ¾ÆÇÏ´Â ´Ü¾î¿Í ¹®ÀåÀ» »ç¿ëÇϼ¼¿ä. ±×¸®°í ¾î¶² ÁÖÁ¦¸¦ ¼±ÅÃÇØµµ
µÇ´Ï´Ù. ±×Àú ¿©·¯ºÐ ¸¶À½ ¼Ó¿¡ ´Ù°¡¿À´Â °ÍÀ» ÀûÀ¸¼¼¿ä. ±×·± ´ÙÀ½ ¹Ýº¹Çؼ Àаí, ±×¸®°í ¸î ºÎºÐÀ» ´õ ÁÁÀº °ÍÀ¸·Î °íÄ¡¼¼¿ä.
¿©·¯ºÐÀÇ ±ÛÀÌ ¸¶À½¿¡ µé¸é, ÁÖÀ§ Ä£±¸µé¿¡°Ô º¸¿©ÁÖ¼¼¿ä. ±×µéÀÌ ±×´ë°¡ ¸»ÇϰíÀÚ ÇÏ´Â °ÍÀ» ÀÌÇØÇÒ ¼ö ÀÖ´Ù¸é, ±×°Ô ¹Ù·Î ½Ã°¡
µÉ°Å¿¹¿ä. |
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¢º |
Honorific -
Listener |
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Honorific - Listener |
ÀÚ ÀÌÁ¦
¿©·¯ºÐ ÀÚ½ÅÀÇ ½Ã¸¦ º¸µµ·Ï
Çϼ¼¿ä. Ç×»ó ±ÔÄ¢À» ÁؼöÇØ¾ß ÇÏ´Â °ÍÀº ¾Æ´Ï´Ï´Ù. ¿©·¯ºÐ²²¼ ÁÁ¾ÆÇÏ´Â ´Ü¾î¿Í ¹®ÀåÀ» »ç¿ëÇϼ¼¿ä. ±×¸®°í ¾î¶² ÁÖÁ¦¸¦ ¼±ÅÃÇØµµ
µÇ´Ï´Ù. ±×Àú ¿©·¯ºÐ ¸¶À½ ¼Ó¿¡ ´Ù°¡¿À´Â °ÍÀ» ÀûÀ¸¼¼¿ä. ±×·± ´ÙÀ½ ¹Ýº¹Çؼ Àаí, ±×¸®°í ¸î ºÎºÐÀ» ´õ ÁÁÀº °ÍÀ¸·Î °íÄ¡¼¼¿ä.
¿©·¯ºÐÀÇ ±ÛÀÌ ¸¶À½¿¡ µé¸é, ÁÖÀ§ Ä£±¸µé¿¡°Ô º¸¿©ÁÖ¼¼¿ä. ±×µéÀÌ ¿©·¯ºÐ²²¼ ¸»ÇϰíÀÚ ÇÏ´Â °ÍÀ» ÀÌÇØÇÒ ¼ö ÀÖ´Ù¸é, ±×°Ô ¹Ù·Î
½Ã°¡ µÉ °ÍÀÌ´Ï´Ù. |
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¢º |
Honorific -
S/s` |
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Honorific - S/s` |
ÀÚ ÀÌÁ¦
¿©·¯ºÐ ÀÚ½ÅÀÇ ½Ã¸¦ º¸µµ·Ï
Çϼ¼¿ä. Ç×»ó ±ÔÄ¢À» ÁؼöÇÏ¼Å¾ß ÇÏ´Â °ÍÀº ¾Æ´Ï¿¹¿ä. ¿©·¯ºÐ²²¼ ÁÁ¾ÆÇÏ´Â ´Ü¾î¿Í ¹®ÀåÀ» »ç¿ëÇϼ¼¿ä. ±×¸®°í ¾î¶² ÁÖÁ¦¸¦ ¼±ÅÃÇϼŵµ
µÇ´Ï´Ù. ±×Àú ¿©·¯ºÐ ¸¶À½ ¼Ó¿¡ ´Ù°¡¿À´Â °ÍÀ» ÀûÀ¸¼¼¿ä. ±×·± ´ÙÀ½ ¹Ýº¹Çؼ ÀÐÀ¸½Ã°í, ±×¸®°í ¸î ºÎºÐÀ» ´õ ÁÁÀº °ÍÀ¸·Î °íÄ¡¼¼¿ä.
¿©·¯ºÐÀÇ ±ÛÀÌ ¸¶À½¿¡ µé¸é, ÁÖÀ§ Ä£±¸µé¿¡°Ô º¸¿©ÁÖ¼¼¿ä. ±×µéÀÌ ¿©·¯ºÐ²²¼ ¸»ÇϽðíÀÚ ÇÏ´Â °ÍÀ» ÀÌÇØÇÏ½Ç ¼ö ÀÖ´Ù¸é, ±×°Ô ¹Ù·Î
½Ã°¡ µÉ°Å¿¹¿ä. |
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// |
À§ÀÇ °¢ ¿¹Á¦¿¡¼
¾à°£¾¿ ´Ù¸£°Ô Ç¥ÇöµÉ ¼öµµ ÀÖ´Ù. |
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//
À§Ã³·³ ÇѱÛÀº »óȲ¿¡ µû¶ó ´Ù¾çÇÑ ÇüÅÂÀÇ ¸»ÀÇ ¾²ÀÓÀÌ ÀÖ´Ù. //
¶§·Ð È¥¿ëµÇ¾î ¾²À̱⵵... -> ¿¹Á¦ |
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