³·Ãã Ç¥Çö  
³·Ãã Ç¥Çö: È­ÀÚ(Speaker)³·Ãã / ûÀÚ(Listener)³·Ãã / ´ë»ó(Object)³·Ãã
   
 
ûÀÚ(Listener) ¿¹»ç || ³·Ãã:
 
->
1*3ÀÎĪ ³ôÀÓ(Àú -> ³ª, ÀúÈñ -> ¿ì¸®) + 2ÀÎĪ ³·Ãã(´ç½Å/±×´ë -> ³Ê/³ÊÈñ) + »ó´ë ³·Ãã ¾î¹Ì '~´Ù'
    ³ôÀÓ°ú ³·Ãã¿£ »ó´ë¼ºÀÌ ÀÖ´Ù. ´Ù½Ã¸»ÇØ, È­ÀÚ(Spk)¸¦ ³·Ã߸é ûÀÚ(L)¸¦ ³ôÀδÙ. // vice versa
   
cf)
1*3ÀÎĪ ³·Ãã(³ª -> Àú, ¿ì¸® -> ÀúÈñ) + 2ÀÎĪ ³ôÀÓ(³Ê/³ÊÈñ -> ´ç½Å/±×´ë) + »ó´ë ³ôÀÓ ¾î¹Ì '~´Ï´Ù'
 
¨ç
ÇöÀç
   
¿¹Á¦1)
*
¾î°£ ³¡ÀÇ ¸»¿¡ ¹ÞħÀÌ ¾ø´Â ÇöÀç½ÃÁ¦ÀÇ °æ¿ì: ÁÁ¾ÆÇÏ
³»°¡/³ª´Â ³Ê¸¦ ÁÁ¾ÆÇÏ´Ù. I like you. descriptive general S / lower L
³ª´Â/³»°¡ ³Ê¸¦ ÁÁ¾ÆÇÑ´Ù. I like you. cognize general S / lower L
 
Àú°¡/´Â ³Ê¸¦ ÁÁ¾ÆÇÏ´Ù. (?) I like you. descriptive lower S / lower L
 
Àú´Â/°¡ ³Ê¸¦ ÁÁ¾ÆÇÑ´Ù. (?) I like you. cognize lower S / lower L
Àú´Â/°¡ ´ç½ÅÀ»/±×´ë¸¦ ÁÁ¾ÆÇÏ´Ï´Ù. I like you. descriptive lower S & honorific L
Àú´Â/°¡ ´ç½ÅÀ»/±×´ë¸¦ ÁÁ¾ÆÇÕ´Ï´Ù. I like you. publish lower S & honorific L
   
¿¹Á¦2)
*
¾î°£ ³¡ÀÇ ¸»¿¡ ¹ÞħÀÌ ÀÖ´Â ÇöÀç½ÃÁ¦ÀÇ °æ¿ì: µ½ = µµ¿ì       => ~¤² = ~¿ì
³»°¡/³ª´Â ³ÊÈñµéÀ» µ½´Ù/µµ¿ì´Ù. I help you. descriptive general S / lower L
³ª´Â/³»°¡ ³ÊÈñµéÀ» µ½´Â´Ù/µµ¿î´Ù. I help you. cognize general S / lower L
 
Àú°¡/´Â ³ÊÈñµéÀ» µ½´Ù/µµ¿ì´Ù. (?) I help you. descriptive lower S  / lower L
 
Àú´Â/°¡ ³ÊÈñµéÀ» µ½´Â´Ù/µµ¿î´Ù. (?) I help you. cognize lower S  / lower L
Àú´Â/°¡ ´ç½ÅµéÀ»/±×´ë¸¦ µ½´Ï´Ù. I help you. descriptive lower S & honorific L
Àú´Â/°¡ ´ç½ÅµéÀ»/±×´ë¸¦ µµ¿ó´Ï´Ù. I help you. publish lower S & honorific L
     
 
¨è
°ú°Å: °ú°ÅÇü ¹ÞħÀÇ 'Bottom Flex', Áï '¾Ò/¾ú' ¶Ç´Â ÁÙÀÓÀÎ '~¤¶' »ç¿ëÀÌ ÀÖ´Ù.
   
*
'¾Ò/¾ú' => Vowel Harmony(¸ðÀ½Á¶È­)
   
¿¹Á¦1)
*
¾î°£ ³¡ÀÇ ¸»¿¡ ¹ÞħÀÌ ¾ø´Â °ú°Å½ÃÁ¦ÀÇ °æ¿ì: ÁÁ¾ÆÇÏ¾Ò = ÁÁ¾ÆÇß
 
³»°¡/³ª´Â ³Ê¸¦ ÁÁ¾ÆÇϾҴÙ. I liked you. inform general S / lower L
³ª´Â/³»°¡ ³Ê¸¦ ÁÁ¾ÆÇß´Ù. I liked you. inform general S / lower L
 
Àú°¡/´Â ³Ê¸¦ ÁÁ¾ÆÇϾҴÙ. (?) I liked you. inform lower S / lower L
 
Àú´Â/°¡ ³Ê¸¦ ÁÁ¾ÆÇß´Ù. (?) I liked you. inform lower S  / lower L
Àú´Â/°¡ ´ç½ÅÀ»/±×´ë¸¦ ÁÁ¾ÆÇß´Ï´Ù. I liked you. inform lower S & honorific L
Àú´Â/°¡ ´ç½ÅÀ»/±×´ë¸¦ ÁÁ¾ÆÇßÀ¾´Ï´Ù. I liked you. publish lower S & honorific L
   
¿¹Á¦2)
*
¾î°£ ³¡ÀÇ ¸»¿¡ ¹ÞħÀÌ ÀÖ´Â °ú°Å½ÃÁ¦ÀÇ °æ¿ì: µ½¾Ò = µµ¿ì¾ú/µµ¿ü       => ~¤² = ~¿ì
³»°¡/³ª´Â ³ÊÈñµéÀ» µ½¾Ò´Ù/µµ¿ì¾ú´Ù. I helped you. inform general S / lower L
³ª´Â/³»°¡ ³ÊÈñµéÀ» µ½¾Ò´Ù/µµ¿ü´Ù. I helped you. inform general S / lower L
 
Àú°¡/´Â ³ÊÈñµéÀ» µ½¾Ò´Ù/µµ¿ì¾ú´Ù. (?) I helped you. inform lower S  / lower L
 
Àú´Â/°¡ ³ÊÈñµéÀ» µ½¾Ò´Ù/µµ¿ü´Ù. (?) I helped you. inform lower S  / lower L
Àú´Â/°¡ ´ç½ÅµéÀ»/±×´ë¸¦ µ½¾Ò´Ï´Ù. I helped you. inform lower S & honorificL
Àú´Â/°¡ ´ç½ÅµéÀ»/±×´ë¸¦ µµ¿üÀ¾´Ï´Ù. I helped you. publish lower S & honorific L
     
¢À
ÇÑ±Û ¹®ÀåÀº µè´ÂÀÌ¿¡ µû¶ó ³·Ãã/¿¹»ç/³ôÀÓ µîÀÇ Ç¥ÇöÀ» »ç¿ëÇÑ´Ù.
 
¢º En  
 
Now try to write your own poem. You don't always have to follow the rules. You can use words and sentences that you like. And you can choose any subject. Just write down whatever comes to your mind. Then read it over, and change some parts to make it better. When you're happy with your poem, show it to your friends. If they can understand what you are trying to say, that will be the poem.
 
 
¢º To Jnr.  
 
ÀÚ ÀÌÁ¦ ³ÊÈñ ÀÚ½ÅÀÇ ½Ã¸¦ º¸µµ·Ï ÇØ. Ç×»ó ±ÔÄ¢À» ÁؼöÇØ¾ß ÇÏ´Â °ÍÀº ¾Æ´Ï¾ß. ³ÊÈñ°¡ ÁÁ¾ÆÇÏ´Â ´Ü¾î¿Í ¹®ÀåÀ» »ç¿ëÇØ. ±×¸®°í ¾î¶² ÁÖÁ¦¸¦ ¼±ÅÃÇØµµ µÅ. ±×Àú ³ÊÈñ ¸¶À½ ¼Ó¿¡ ´Ù°¡¿À´Â °ÍÀ» Àû¾î. ±×·± ´ÙÀ½ ¹Ýº¹Çؼ­ Àаí, ±×¸®°í ¸î ºÎºÐÀ» ´õ ÁÁÀº °ÍÀ¸·Î °íÃÄ. ³ÊÈñÀÇ ±ÛÀÌ ¸¶À½¿¡ µé¸é, ÁÖÀ§ Ä£±¸µé¿¡°Ô º¸¿©Áà. ±×µéÀÌ ³ÊÈñ°¡ ¸»ÇϰíÀÚ ÇÏ´Â °ÍÀ» ÀÌÇØÇÒ ¼ö ÀÖ´Ù¸é, ±×°Ô ¹Ù·Î ½Ã°¡ µÉ °Å¾ß.
 
 
¢º General  
 
ÀÚ ÀÌÁ¦ ¿©·¯ºÐ ÀÚ½ÅÀÇ ½Ã¸¦ º¸µµ·Ï Ç϶ó. Ç×»ó ±ÔÄ¢À» ÁؼöÇØ¾ß ÇÏ´Â °ÍÀº ¾Æ´Ï¾ß. ¿©·¯ºÐÀÌ ÁÁ¾ÆÇÏ´Â ´Ü¾î¿Í ¹®ÀåÀ» »ç¿ëÇØ. ±×¸®°í ¾î¶² ÁÖÁ¦¸¦ ¼±ÅÃÇØµµ µÅ. ±×Àú ¿©·¯ºÐ ¸¶À½ ¼Ó¿¡ ´Ù°¡¿À´Â °ÍÀ» Àû¾î. ±×·± ´ÙÀ½ ¹Ýº¹Çؼ­ Àаí, ±×¸®°í ¸î ºÎºÐÀ» ´õ ÁÁÀº °ÍÀ¸·Î °íÃĶó. ¿©·¯ºÐÀÇ ±ÛÀÌ ¸¶À½¿¡ µé¸é, ÁÖÀ§ Ä£±¸µé¿¡°Ô º¸¿©Áà. ±×µéÀÌ ±×´ë°¡ ¸»ÇϰíÀÚ ÇÏ´Â °ÍÀ» ÀÌÇØÇÒ ¼ö ÀÖ´Ù¸é, ±×°Ô ¹Ù·Î ½Ã°¡ µÉ °Å¾ß.
 
 
¢º Euphemistic  
 
ÀÚ ÀÌÁ¦ ±×´ë ÀÚ½ÅÀÇ ½Ã¸¦ º¸µµ·Ï ÇϰÔ. Ç×»ó ±ÔÄ¢À» ÁؼöÇØ¾ß ÇÏ´Â °ÍÀº ¾Æ´Ï³×. ±×´ë°¡ ÁÁ¾ÆÇÏ´Â ´Ü¾î¿Í ¹®ÀåÀ» »ç¿ëÇϰÔ. ±×¸®°í ¾î¶² ÁÖÁ¦¸¦ ¼±ÅÃÇØµµ µÇ³×. ±×Àú ±×´ë ¸¶À½ ¼Ó¿¡ ´Ù°¡¿À´Â °ÍÀ» Àû°Ô³ª. ±×·± ´ÙÀ½ ¹Ýº¹Çؼ­ Àаí, ±×¸®°í ¸î ºÎºÐÀ» ´õ ÁÁÀº °ÍÀ¸·Î °íÄ¡°Ô. ±×´ëÀÇ ±ÛÀÌ ¸¶À½¿¡ µé¸é, ÁÖÀ§ Ä£±¸µé¿¡°Ô º¸¿©ÁÖ°Ô. ±×µéÀÌ ±×´ë°¡ ¸»ÇϰíÀÚ ÇÏ´Â °ÍÀ» ÀÌÇØÇÒ ¼ö ÀÖ´Ù¸é, ±×°Ô ¹Ù·Î ½Ã°¡ µÉ°Å³×.
 
 
¢º Honorific - Formality  
  1) Formal/Official  
   
Honorific - official
ÀÚ ÀÌÁ¦ ¿©·¯ºÐ ÀÚ½ÅÀÇ ½Ã¸¦ º¸µµ·Ï ÇϽÿÀ. Ç×»ó ±ÔÄ¢À» ÁؼöÇØ¾ß ÇÏ´Â °ÍÀº ¾Æ´Ï´Ï´Ù. ¿©·¯ºÐÀÌ ÁÁ¾ÆÇÏ´Â ´Ü¾î¿Í ¹®ÀåÀ» »ç¿ëÇϽÿÀ. ±×¸®°í ¾î¶² ÁÖÁ¦¸¦ ¼±ÅÃÇØµµ µÇ´Ï´Ù. ±×Àú ¿©·¯ºÐ ¸¶À½ ¼Ó¿¡ ´Ù°¡¿À´Â °ÍÀ» ÀûÀ¸½Ã¿À. ±×·± ´ÙÀ½ ¹Ýº¹Çؼ­ Àаí, ±×¸®°í ¸î ºÎºÐÀ» ´õ ÁÁÀº °ÍÀ¸·Î °íÄ¡½Ã¿À. ¿©·¯ºÐÀÇ ±ÛÀÌ ¸¶À½¿¡ µé¸é, ÁÖÀ§ Ä£±¸µé¿¡°Ô º¸¿©ÁֽÿÀ. ±×µéÀÌ ±×´ë°¡ ¸»ÇϰíÀÚ ÇÏ´Â °ÍÀ» ÀÌÇØÇÒ ¼ö ÀÖ´Ù¸é, ±×°ÍÀÌ ¹Ù·Î ½Ã°¡ µÉ °ÍÀÌ´Ï´Ù.
 
  2) Informal  
   
Honorific - public
ÀÚ ÀÌÁ¦ ¿©·¯ºÐ ÀÚ½ÅÀÇ ½Ã¸¦ º¸µµ·Ï Çϼ¼¿ä. Ç×»ó ±ÔÄ¢À» ÁؼöÇØ¾ß ÇÏ´Â °ÍÀº ¾Æ´Ï¿¹¿ä. ¿©·¯ºÐÀÌ ÁÁ¾ÆÇÏ´Â ´Ü¾î¿Í ¹®ÀåÀ» »ç¿ëÇϼ¼¿ä. ±×¸®°í ¾î¶² ÁÖÁ¦¸¦ ¼±ÅÃÇØµµ µÇ´Ï´Ù. ±×Àú ¿©·¯ºÐ ¸¶À½ ¼Ó¿¡ ´Ù°¡¿À´Â °ÍÀ» ÀûÀ¸¼¼¿ä. ±×·± ´ÙÀ½ ¹Ýº¹Çؼ­ Àаí, ±×¸®°í ¸î ºÎºÐÀ» ´õ ÁÁÀº °ÍÀ¸·Î °íÄ¡¼¼¿ä. ¿©·¯ºÐÀÇ ±ÛÀÌ ¸¶À½¿¡ µé¸é, ÁÖÀ§ Ä£±¸µé¿¡°Ô º¸¿©ÁÖ¼¼¿ä. ±×µéÀÌ ±×´ë°¡ ¸»ÇϰíÀÚ ÇÏ´Â °ÍÀ» ÀÌÇØÇÒ ¼ö ÀÖ´Ù¸é, ±×°Ô ¹Ù·Î ½Ã°¡ µÉ°Å¿¹¿ä.
 
¢º Honorific - Listener  
   
Honorific - Listener
ÀÚ ÀÌÁ¦ ¿©·¯ºÐ ÀÚ½ÅÀÇ ½Ã¸¦ º¸µµ·Ï Çϼ¼¿ä. Ç×»ó ±ÔÄ¢À» ÁؼöÇØ¾ß ÇÏ´Â °ÍÀº ¾Æ´Ï´Ï´Ù. ¿©·¯ºÐ²²¼­ ÁÁ¾ÆÇÏ´Â ´Ü¾î¿Í ¹®ÀåÀ» »ç¿ëÇϼ¼¿ä. ±×¸®°í ¾î¶² ÁÖÁ¦¸¦ ¼±ÅÃÇØµµ µÇ´Ï´Ù. ±×Àú ¿©·¯ºÐ ¸¶À½ ¼Ó¿¡ ´Ù°¡¿À´Â °ÍÀ» ÀûÀ¸¼¼¿ä. ±×·± ´ÙÀ½ ¹Ýº¹Çؼ­ Àаí, ±×¸®°í ¸î ºÎºÐÀ» ´õ ÁÁÀº °ÍÀ¸·Î °íÄ¡¼¼¿ä. ¿©·¯ºÐÀÇ ±ÛÀÌ ¸¶À½¿¡ µé¸é, ÁÖÀ§ Ä£±¸µé¿¡°Ô º¸¿©ÁÖ¼¼¿ä. ±×µéÀÌ ¿©·¯ºÐ²²¼­ ¸»ÇϰíÀÚ ÇÏ´Â °ÍÀ» ÀÌÇØÇÒ ¼ö ÀÖ´Ù¸é, ±×°Ô ¹Ù·Î ½Ã°¡ µÉ °ÍÀÌ´Ï´Ù.
 
¢º Honorific - S/s`  
   
Honorific - S/s`
ÀÚ ÀÌÁ¦ ¿©·¯ºÐ ÀÚ½ÅÀÇ ½Ã¸¦ º¸µµ·Ï Çϼ¼¿ä. Ç×»ó ±ÔÄ¢À» ÁؼöÇÏ¼Å¾ß ÇÏ´Â °ÍÀº ¾Æ´Ï¿¹¿ä. ¿©·¯ºÐ²²¼­ ÁÁ¾ÆÇÏ´Â ´Ü¾î¿Í ¹®ÀåÀ» »ç¿ëÇϼ¼¿ä. ±×¸®°í ¾î¶² ÁÖÁ¦¸¦ ¼±ÅÃÇϼŵµ µÇ´Ï´Ù. ±×Àú ¿©·¯ºÐ ¸¶À½ ¼Ó¿¡ ´Ù°¡¿À´Â °ÍÀ» ÀûÀ¸¼¼¿ä. ±×·± ´ÙÀ½ ¹Ýº¹Çؼ­ ÀÐÀ¸½Ã°í, ±×¸®°í ¸î ºÎºÐÀ» ´õ ÁÁÀº °ÍÀ¸·Î °íÄ¡¼¼¿ä. ¿©·¯ºÐÀÇ ±ÛÀÌ ¸¶À½¿¡ µé¸é, ÁÖÀ§ Ä£±¸µé¿¡°Ô º¸¿©ÁÖ¼¼¿ä. ±×µéÀÌ ¿©·¯ºÐ²²¼­ ¸»ÇϽðíÀÚ ÇÏ´Â °ÍÀ» ÀÌÇØÇÏ½Ç ¼ö ÀÖ´Ù¸é, ±×°Ô ¹Ù·Î ½Ã°¡ µÉ°Å¿¹¿ä.
 
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